a review of biology and clinical use of mesenchymal stem cell: an immune -modulator progenitor cell

human mesenchymal stem cells (hmscs), which also called mesenchymal stromal cells, are multipotent stem cell. human mscs typically are positive for the surface markers cd44, cd73, cd90, cd105, cd106, and also negative for hematopoietic markers cd34 and cd45.these cells can be isolated from postnatal bone marrow, adipose tissue, placenta, and scalp tissue, as well as from various fetal tissues. these non-hematopoietic stromal cells exhibit multilineage differentiation capacity, and are capable to differentiate into a variety of tissues including bone, adipose, tendon, cartilage and other tissues. each step of tissue specific differentiation of hmsc is associated with expression of specific markers. mscs can modulate the immune function of the major cell populations by immunomodulator biomarkers. mesenchymal stem cells (msc) are of great therapeutic potential due to their self renewal and multilineage differentiation potency.